Research Activities

1. Journal Publications

• “Witness Intimidation, Tampering and other related abuses in process in Investment Arbitration: Possible Remedies available to the Arbitral Tribunal”, 26(1) Arbitration International 43-85 (2010).
• “Tax ‘veto’ as a special Jurisdictional and Substantive issue in Investor-State Arbitration: Need for Reassessment?”, 32(2) Suffolk Transnational Law Review 475-492 (2009)
• “Economic Crisis, capital Transfer Restrictions and Investor Protection under modern Investment Treaties”, 3(2) Capital Markets Law Journal 154-185 (2008) (with Thomas Walde)
• “Investor Protection vs Host state Regulatory Autonomy during Economic Crisis: Treatment of Capital Transfers and Restrictions under modern Investment Treaties”, 8(4) Journal of World Investment & Trade 457-503 (2007)
• “Investor-State Tax Disputes: The Interaction between Treaty-based International Investment Protection and Fiscal Sovereignty”, 35 Inter Tax Journal 424-449 (2007) (with Thomas Walde).
• “Managing Post-privatisation Political and Regulatory Risks in Nigeria: A Law and Policy Perspective,” 22 Journal of Energy & Natural resources Law 473-506 (2004)
• “Managing Political and Regulatory Risks in Long-term Investment in a Liberalised Economy: A Law and Policy Perspective,” 7 University of Maiduguri Law Journal 78-99 (2004)
• “Coercion and the Limits of Freedom of Contract,” 5 University of Maiduguri Law Journal 78-99 (2002).
• “Environmental Regulation, Investment Protection and ‘Regulatory Takings’ in International Law”, 50 International Comparative Law Quarterly 811-848 (with Thomas Walde).
• “Legal issues arising from the Termination of Oil Prospecting Licenses by the Nigerian Government,” 19 Journal of Energy & Natural resources Law 164-175 (2001)
• “Renegotiation and Contract Adaptation in the International Investment Projects: Applicable Legal Principles and Industry Practice”, 1 Journal of World Investment 5-58 (2000) (with Thomas Walde).
• “Renegotiating previous Governments’ Privatisation Deals: Assessing the UK Windfall Tax on Utilities under International Law”, 19 North-Western Journal of International Law & Business 405-424 (1999) (with Thomas Walde) .
• “Some Current International Law issues relating to Foreign Investment”, 4 University of Maiduguri Law Journal 48-60 (1995).

Book Chapters:

• “Mediating International Energy Disputes”, in Katia Gomez & Catharine Titi (eds) Mediation in International Commercial and Investment Disputes (Oxford University Press, 2019) (with Peter Cameron), at: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/mediation-in-international-commercial-and-investment-disputes-9780198827955?cc=us&lang=en&
• “Expropriatory Taxation in the Latin American Experience”, in Attila Tanzi, Alessandra Asteriti, Rodrigo Polanco & Paolo Turini (eds) International Investment Law in Latin America: Problems and Prospects 400-433 (Brill, Nijhoff, 2016) at: https://brill.com/view/title/31728
• Dispute Settlement and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources in Africa”, in Francis Botchway (ed) Natural Resources Investment and Africa’s Development 49-71 (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011), at: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781848446793.00010.xml
• “Energy and Investment”, in Klaus Bosselmann, Daniel Fogel & J. Ruhl (eds) Berkshire Encyclopaedia of Sustainability, Vol. 3, 341-345 (Berkshire Publishing Group, 2011) (with Peter Cameron).
• “Transfer of Funds: The Interaction between the IMF Articles of Agreement and Modern Investment Treaties: A Comparative Law Perspective”, in Stephan Schill (ed) International Investment Law and Public Law 345-375 (Oxford University Press, 2010), at: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199589104.001.0001/acprof-9780199589104
• “Fat cats and ‘Windfall Profits Taxes’ in the Natural Resources Industry: Legal and Policy Analysis in light of Modern Investment Treaties”, in Jacques Warner & Arif Ali (eds) Liber Amicrum: Thomas Walde 99-119 (Cameron & May, 2009), at: https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/liber-amicorum.asp
• “Coverage of Taxation under Modern Investment Treaties”, in Peter Muchlinski et al (eds) The Oxford Handbook of International Investment Law 305-362 (Oxford University Press, 2008) (with Thomas Walde), at: https://global.oup.com/academic/product/the-oxford-handbook-of-international-investment-law-9780199231386?cc=us&lang=en&
• “Capital Transfer Restrictions under Modern Investment Treaties”, in August Reinisch (ed) Standards of Investment Protection 205-243 (Oxford University Press, 2008) (with Thomas Walde), at: https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547432.001.0001/acprof-9780199547432

2. Conference Papers

• “Stabilisation Clauses and Natural Resources Development in Africa: Practice and Implications,” a paper presented at a Conference on “Challenges faced by African States in Mining and Petroleum Contract Negotiations with special emphasis on Stabilisation Clauses”, organised by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 26-27 October 2016, Doula, Cameron.
• “Taxation as a Jurisdictional issue in Investor-state Arbitration”, a paper presented at a Conference on “The Settlement of Tax Disputes under International Law,” organized by the University of Luxembourg, 12-13, November, 2015.
• “Expropriatory Taxation in International Investment Law: A Comparative Perspective”, a paper presented at a seminar on “Minerals Taxation and Sustainable Development”, organised by the CEPMLP, London, 27-28 June, 2012.
• “Modern Investment Treaties and Tax-related Energy Disputes – An Overview of key issues,” a paper presented at a seminar on “The Resolution of Tax-related Oil & Gas/Energy Investment Disputes – Latest Developments”, organised by AIPN/Deloitte, London, 12 June, 2009.
• “Special Tax and Exchange Control Jurisdictional issues in Investment Arbitration” a paper presented at the Inaugural Conference on Investment Arbitration Moot Competition, organised by Suffolk University, Boston, U.S.A., 30-31 October, 2008.
• “Tax and Foreign Exchange Restriction issues in Investor-State Arbitration”, a Paper presented at a seminar on Specialised Arbitration and Advocacy Skills in International Oil & Gas Arbitration, organised by CEPMLP, St Andrews, 11 September, 2008.
• “Managing Regulatory and Fiscal Risks through Contract and International Investment Treaty”, paper presented at the 2^nd Global Contract Risk Management for the Oil & Gas Industry, organised by Marcusevans, Barcelona, Spain, 21-22 April, 2008.
• “Managing Political Risk in Infrastructure in Africa – The Role of Contract and Investment Standards, paper presented at a seminar on Infrastructure Development in Africa, organised by the United Nations Commission on Africa (UNECA), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29 Sep. – 3 Oct. 2007.
• “Investor-state Arbitration and Local Community rights”, paper presented at a seminar on Governance of Natural Resource Revenue, organised by the Centre for Policy Studies, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary, 23 June – 1 July, 2007.

Shorter Articles/Book Reviews:

• “Expropriatory Taxation of Foreign Investment under International Law: A Reappraisal, vol. v CEPMLP online journal, http://www.cepmlp.org.
• “Environmental Regulation and Expropriation of Foreign Investment under modern Multilateral Investment Treaties”, 1(1) Transnational Law Exchange (1999), http://www.transnationalpubs.com
• “A Commentary on the Proposed Multilateral Investment Agreement (MAI)”, CEPMLP online journal (1999), http://www.cepmlp.org.
• “Managing Political Risk in Transnational Investment Agreements”, CEPMLP online journal, http://www.cepmlp.org.
• Participation of States in International Contracts and Arbitral Settlement of Disputes, by Esa Paasivirta, 87 American Journal of International Law 185 (1993).
• The Freshfield’s Guide to International Arbitration, by Alan Redfern & Martin Hunter , 4 University of Maiduguri Law Journal 83 (1995).

3. Research funds

• 2010-2012 POLIcy for Natural RESources (POLINARES) under the European Union Collaborative Project (CP) – Small of medium-scale focused research project (STREP), contributor as part of the University of Dundee team (1million Euros)
• 2010-2013 Extractive Industries Source Book project – a World Bank funded project, contributor as part of the University of Dundee team (US$1.5million)