Research / Research News / Conformance checking on event streams: A comprehensive survey
Dr. Ahmed Awad, Associate Professor of Artificial Intelligence, published a paper titled, ‘Conformance checking on event streams: A comprehensive survey’.
Event streams have become a core abstraction for building modern software systems, from cloud services and IoT deployments to cyber-physical and data-intensive applications. In such settings, developers and operators increasingly need runtime conformance monitoring: assessing whether ongoing executions comply with a prescriptive model or constraint set while decisions can still be taken. Classic offline conformance checking is ill-suited because streams are potentially unbounded, arrivals may be delayed or out of order, and monitoring must satisfy strict operational requirements, such as bounded state, low latency, and robustness to imperfect observations and evolving behaviour.
This survey reviews the state of the art in online conformance checking. We derive a baseline of functional and non-functional requirements for online conformance checking and introduce a taxonomy that organises approaches across imperative, declarative, and emerging object-centric paradigms. Assessing the surveyed approaches against this baseline, we synthesise recurring design patterns and clarify the trade-offs that shape deployability on stateful stream-processing platforms. We find that existing techniques typically address only subsets of the requirements, and we identify underexplored challenges, including standardised benchmarking, principled state eviction, object-centric monitoring at scale, integrated handling of concept drift and model evolution, and unifying infrastructural robustness with expressive conformance feedback. Finally, we propose a reference architecture that maps these requirements to standard streaming operators and managed state, providing a blueprint for implementations and a concrete agenda for future research.
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